Philippi's Top Shell. Shell conical, rather thick, deeply and narrowly umbilicated; white with red spots, sometimes becoming confluent; whorls flat, the last angular at the periphery, flat on the base; spiral zones of granules six on the last whorl, the sixth on the periphery of slightly larger granules and the first of decidely larger ones forming a ledge at the suture; base with six spiral granule rows; apertural features moderately developed columella lip slightly reflexed with a basal weakly bifid tooth, aperture ridged within the inner lip, ridging ceasing before the margin, forming small denticulations at the point where they stop; umbilicus small, narrow, white, margined with a row of small granulations. Diameters 13 mm. and 11.5 mm., height 10 mm.

Shell conical, perforate, fuscescent, marbled with purple or white, whorls plane, ornamented with a scries of nodules at the suture, then 3 or 4 series of granules, the last angulated ; base plane, sculpture with 7 rows of granules; aperture rhomboidal; lip lirate within; columella oblique, subsolute above, terminating below in an acute tooth.
The shell is conical, perforate; the whorls are flat, but appear terraced because a nodose carina projects on the upper part, below the sutures; below this there are 2 or 3 minutely granose spiral line, and one more strongly granose, forming the angle of the last whorl. The base is flat, and has 7 granose concentric lira1. The angle surrounding the very narrow umbilicus is indistinctly grained. The aperture is rhombic, the fauces sulcate, the columella very oblique, somewhat solute above, terminating in an acute tooth below. The color seems to be quite variable; some examples are brown, with large white spots and dark purplishred granules, others are reddish-brown, with white and purple granules, etc. Alt. 11, diam. 12,5 mm., or smaller. Adelaide, Australia.

C. philippi shows a big range of variations:
a. Very depressed, very gradate; gradation formed by a projecting supra-sutural spiral, a flat cancellate infrasutural surface, and an angulating beaded spiral; in the last whorl are three fine granose spiral threads on the slope with an intervening threadlet in the interstices; a large carinating peripheral spiral; this and the angulating spiral are closely tuberculate and multispirally incised; base flatly convex; seven spirals, the central the largest, that bordering the perforation smooth, the rest granose, minutely curvedly radially striate; C. philomenae Tenison Woods 1876, C. raphaeli Tenison Woods 1877, C. aloysii Tenison Woods 1876 all described from Tasmania are probably synonyms.
b. Shell somewhat similar, but whorls not so widely gradate; spiral threads larger and more largely granulate, the threadlets are granose cinguli; the basal spirals are larger grained; C. purpuratus Pilsbry 1889, described from Tasmania.
c. Whorls less stepped; the infra-sutural spiral has larger tubercles which occupy about one half of the flat surface; the peripheral spiral has rather larger tubercles than b.
d. Depressed, gradate, with a spiral of small tubercles between the suture and the angulating spiral of large tubercles forming the "step" below the suture (one has three marked tubercles in the umbilicus within its border).
e. Less depressed, less gradate; two rows of tubercles on the sutural step as in d.; Ave rows of tubercles on the slope between the angulating and peripheral spirals (one has rather larger tubercles all over it).
f. Like e., but this variant has a pink ground colour, but with only the angulating spiral tubercles on the sutural step, which is less wide, with only one row of tubercles.
g. More solid; single row of large tubercles, infra-sutural, larger and less numerous than the peripheral; three rows of well-marked tubercles between six basal spirals; close large tubercles; perforation bordered by a smooth angle, within this are two distant tubercles; a winding spiral in the perforation joining the reflection of the columella in a little tubercle above the basal columellar tooth; mouth very denticulate; whorls may be some¬what concave instead of straight sloping owing to comparative prominence of the two large rows of tubercles.
h. Clanculus conspersus A. Adams 1851 with type locality, Gulf St. Vincent South Australia, under stones below low tide mark, has been described as follows: Shell trochiform, coarsely granular, reddish, variegated white and red; spirals necklace-like, spiral next beneath the suture the largest; whorls about four and half; last whorl angulated at the periphery; columella boldly plicate anteriorly, subcanaliculately tortuous above; outer lip validly dentate-lirate within. Average specimen diameter 13 mm., height 11 mm. Distribution: South Australia; most beaches, generally with C.yatesi Crosse. Tasmania.
i. Isoclanculus philippi Koch 1843 (typical), type locality Adelaide, South Australia = I. yatesi Crosse 1863, Gulf St. Vincent. Shell conical; colour variable, some brown with large white spots and dark purplish-red granules, others reddish-brown, with white and purple granules. Whorls flat but appearing terraced because a nodose carina projects on the upper part, below the sutures; below this carina are two or three minutely granose spiral lirae, and one more strongly granose, forming the angle of the last whorl. Base flat, with seven rows of granules; aperture rhomboidal; lip lirate within; columella oblique, subsolute above, terminating below in an acute tooth. Average specimen, diameter 12.5 mm., height 11 mm. Distribution: South Australia, beach, Hardwicke Bay, Port Lincoln, Outer Harbour.

Victoria and Tasmania