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Taxon profile

subgenus

Endemoconus Iredale, 1931

kingdom Animalia - animals »  phylum Mollusca - mollusks »  class Gastropoda - gastropods »  order Neogastropoda »  family Conidae »  genus Conasprella

Description

Radular tooth: Basal spur is absent; barb and blade is short; serrations are absent; accessory process is present and is a short simple triangular cusp; the anterior section of the tooth is longer than the posterior section of the tooth (based on E. sculletti, hereby illustrated).

Shell characters: The spire is scalariform; nodules are absent or may be present and may persist; whorl tops are concave; a dentiform plait is present; the whorl tops do not have cords; the anal notch is shallow; an anterior notch is absent; the operculum is small to moderate in size; the periostracum is tufted; the protoconch is either multispiral (E. howelli, E. raoulensis) or paucispiral (E. sculletti).
Tucker, J.K. & Tenorio, M.J., 2009: Systematic Classification of Recent and Fossil Conoidean Gastropods.
• Type species: Endemoconus howelli (Iredale, 1929) by original designation,
• Synonyms: Kermasprella Powell, 1958, Mamiconus Cotton & Godfrey, 1932, Yeddoconus Tucker
& Tenorio, 2009.
• Shell characters: the shells are small to large. The shells are thin with a shiny texture. The spire
is stepped. The shape is conical to broadly conical.
• Radular characters: the anterior section is shorter than the posterior one. There is a barb and one or two short blades. The basal spur is present.
• Biogeography: tropical and temperate western Pacific (from Japan to New Zealand) and western Indian Ocean.
• Ecology: circalittoral and bathyal depths. E. sieboldii has been collected on mud bottoms (RKK, 1995).
• Diet: unknown but presumably vermivorous.
• Comments: Mamiconus Cotton & Godfrey is placed in synonymy of Endemoconus by Tucker & Tenorio (2009). The genus is based on Mamiconus superstes (Hedley, 1911) which is in its turn based on very small shells that are most probably juveniles of another south Australian species that is yet unidentified. The DNA of E. sieboldii (Reeve, 1848) which is also the type species of Yeddoconus has been sampled but not that of the type species of Endemoconus. Although the radular teeth are identical, DNA studies separate Endemoconus from Conasprella.
• Original reference: Iredale, T, 1931. Australian Molluscan notes n°l. Records of the Australian
Museum 18 (4): 201-235
Monnier, E., Limpalaer, L., Robin, A. & Roux, C., 2018: A Taxonomic Iconography of Living Conidae - Volume 1

Interchangeable taxa

These species all have whorl tops that do not have cords on them. They also possess a dentiform plait. This structure is also present in some fossil cone shells (i.e., Eoconus). The plait in Eoconus and Endemoconus likely are independent developments. Eoconus all have well developed cords on the whorl tops. Endemoconus most closely resembles Chelyconus but all of the species included in Endemoconus do not have cords on the whorl tops. Species included in Chelyconus have cords on the whorl tops and do not have a dentiform plait.
The radular tooth of Endemoconus sculletti has an accessory process but it is much shorter than those found in other piscivorous Coninae. Nonetheless, our Bayesian analysis suggests that Endemoconus belongs in the piscivorous clade. In some respects the accessory process of E. sculletti resembles the posterior blade found in Conilithidae. However, the radulae of Conilithidae have a basal spur, which is absent in the radula of E. sculletti. In this respect, the radula of E. sculletti is similar to those of other Conidae. Moreover, the radular tooth of E. sculletti like those of the Conidae but unlike those of the Conilithidae has the anterior section of the tooth elongated.
Tucker, J.K. & Tenorio, M.J., 2009: Systematic Classification of Recent and Fossil Conoidean Gastropods.

Distribution

Endemoconus: This subgenus contains species that occur in Australia, New Zealand (Kermadec Islands) or Madagascar.
Author: Jan Delsing

Similar species

Conasprella sieboldii (Reeve, 1848)

Included taxa

Number of records: 7

species Conasprella grohi Tenorio & Poppe, 2004

Conasprella grohi

species Conasprella howelli Iredale, 1929

Conasprella howelli

species Conasprella ione Fulton, 1938

Conasprella ione

species Conasprella raoulensis Powell, 1958
species Conasprella sieboldii (Reeve, 1848)

Conasprella sieboldii

species Conasprella somalica Bozzetti, 2013

Conasprella somalica

species Conasprella spirofilis Habe & Kosuge, 1970

Conasprella spirofilis


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