Pinguigemmula: Range — Miocene or Pliocene of Okinawa and Recent from Sumatra to the Philippines in 150-300 fathoms.

Range — Recent, deep water, 1200-1300 fathoms, Gulf of Panama to Ecuador, and undescribed species from off Hawaii.

Pinguigemmula: Shell of moderate size, 35-50 mm., broadly fusiform, resembling Gemmula in the strongly gemmate sculpture, but with a broadly conical spire coupled with a quickly contracted base and long straight unnotched anterior canal. The sinus is a shallow broadly open "V", its apex on the peripheral carina. Protoconch indicated as probably multispiral. Operculum and radula unknown. The basal spirals frequently develop irregular flutings over the last half whorl as in some species of Gemmula and Ptychosyrinx.

Shell small to medium sized, 8-28 mm., broadly fusiform but with a short twisted anterior canal. Weak axial ribs are produced into rounded nodules on a conspicuous peripheral keel. The sinus is at the periphery, rather slight and square-cut at the apex of a broadly open V. Apical whorls unknown. The shell is covered by a greenish-grey periostracum. Operculum oval, with a terminal nucleus. Radula of modified wishbone-type, marginals only, which are long and slender, with the distal limb severed.

Diagnosis: Shell very variable, small to medium-sized, turriform, fusiform to very broadly fusiform. Protoconch multispiral, cyrtoconoid, of 4—5.25 whorls, later 3.5 whorls with regular, rather closely set, axial riblets. Whorl outline usually angulate, with distinct shoulder, to pagodiform or flattened, with periphery shifted to abapical suture. Sculpture of spiral cords, fine and numerous or very strong, markedly elevated; sometimes, axial sculpture of weak, widely set prosocline ribs above whorl periphery. Subsutural cord from indistinct or weak, bearing small tubercles, to strong, gemmate, sometimes distinctly, bipartite. Sinus cord with indistinct, or well pronounced, widely set, tubercles or closely set, rounded or vertically extended, gemmae. Sometimes all spiral cords above (and including) sinus cord gemmate. Shell base rounded or triangular, sometimes very abruptly constricted to siphonal canal. Canal rather short to very long and slender. Aperture pyriform or elongate. Anal sinus wide and rather shallow, V-shaped; outer aperture lip often with secondary sinus at transition to siphonal canal. Shell colour cream-white, palé or light-brown due to well-developed periostracum, sometimes with brown dots or with darker subsutural cord. Radula comprising about 80 transverse rows of teeth, with shoe-shaped elongated dúplex marginal teeth and distinct central formation bearing long, pointed central cusp.

Remarks: The species of Cryptogemma demónstrate a very broad range of shell proportions and sculpture, making it difficult to identify diagnostic features of the genus in general. For detailed revisión, see Zaharias et al (2020).
Pleurotoma (Gemmula) ducalis is based on a single juvenile specimen (SL 6 mm) collected off eastern Africa at a depth of 1,134 m (herein, Fig. 15K, L). Morphologically, it falls within the variation of C. praesignis, and therefore, we synonymize both ñames.

Distribution: Broadly distributed in the central Indo-Pacific to French Polynesia in the East, the Indian Ocean and western Atlantic (Caribbean, Bermuda), with at least one species (C. phymatias) occurring in both upper bathyal (c. 200 m) to abyssal (deepest record about 3,200 m).