Epitonium oerstedianum: Shell small, short, white, with the whorls rapidly increasing in size; nuclear whorls 4, smooth, well rounded, with a narrow brown line in the sutures; postnuclear whorls G. swollen, with very deep sutures; axial sculpture of 7 high, somewhat reflected, varicose ribs, with finely striated anterior faces, continuous up the spire, about which they make nearly two-thirds of a turn; at the shoulder of the whorls the ribs are expanded to form broad, coronating points, beyond which they dip concavely toward the suture, which they span to fuse with the corresponding rib on the preceding whorl, leaving deep pits in the suture; ribs continuous over the base and fusing with the expanded inner lip; spiral sculpture absent; aperture nearly circular, a broad margin formed by the last rib, produced at the shoulder and at the junction of the basal and inner lips. The type measures: length, 6.5 mm.; maximum diameter,4.2 mm.

Distinctive features are I) moderately high-spired, trochiform shell attaining 15 mm in height, 2) teleoconch whorls convex, loosely coiled, disconnected, sutures deeply perforated, 3) body whorl with widely open umbilicus, 4) aperture broadly oval, peristome double, inner lip somewhat expanded over the umbilicus, 5) sculpture of high, rather thick, moderately reflexed collabral ribs, 7 per whorl throughout, obliquely aligned and with a conspicuous angle at the adapical one-third; the wide interspaces are smooth and shining. The shells referred to as Epitonium liliputanum (Adams, 1861) by Japanese workers have been included by KILBURN (1985) in his new species Epitonium (Epitonium) sallykaicherae. This latter differs from the present species in that has 8-9 ribs that are distinctly thinner.
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Epitonium replicatum is distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, from the Red Sea to the Philippines and Japan. It is a sandrelated species occurring in the 10-40 m depth range (TSUCHIDA in OKUTANI, 2000). FOSSIL RECORDS. Pleistocene of Japan.

13mm. Moderately high spired with smooth, glossy, pointed protoconch of about 3 whorls. Smooth, polished, disconnected spire whorls bearing well developed, strongly recurved, oblique ribs (about 6 on last whorl) elevated into blunt points at shoulders and joined at sutures; ribs not glossy. Umblicus deep but mostly infilled by rib ends. White. Habitat: offshore and beached. Distribution: Persian Gulf. Gulf of Oman

Description.- Shell conical, about 20 mm in height, white in colour; spire with 6-8 whorls; suture slightly fenestrated; surface with 6-8 aligned costae which are expanded into an elevated lobe near the suture, intercostal space with microscopic spiral striae; aperture ovate, marginally flattened; umbilicus fenestrated. Discussion.- Shikama (1964) classified this species as in the subgenus Turbiniscala but Turbiniscala might be a synonym of this subgenus. Springsteen & Leobrera (1986) treated this species as a member of Hirtoscala, but this seems to be incorrect because Hirtoscala species do not have an open umbilicus. As DuShane (1974) pointed out some East Pacific species such as £ bialatum, E. wurtsbaughi and E. oerstedianum should be synonyms of this species. Type locality.- Lord Hood’s Island
Material studied.- KC (off Kushimoto, Kii Peninsula, Japan, at about 20 m deep) Dimensions.- height 14.9 mm; breadth 10.0 mm (KC: Pi. 11, figs 19-21)
Distribution.- Pacific coast off Boso Peninsula to Kyushu, south of the Sea of Japan, Japan; Philippines to Australia; Kauai, Hawaii; Gulf of California, Mexico to south Panama; Galapagos.

Epitonium oerstedianum: In many ways the unique type agrees with the description of Epitonium bialatum Dall but is less than half the length for the same number of whorls and has an entirely different nucleus.

Epitonium oerstedianum: Gulf of California