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Taxon profile

species

Mud Bithynia
Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)

kingdom Animalia - animals »  phylum Mollusca - mollusks »  class Gastropoda - gastropods »  order Littorinimorpha »  family Bithyniidae »  genus Bithynia

Scientific synonyms

Helix tentaculata C. Linnaeus, 1758
Bulimus tentaculatus C. Linnaeus, 1758
Bithynia anapensis L. Benoit, 1882
Bithynia bourguignati A. Paladilhe, 1869
Paludina decipiens P.A. Millet, 1843
Bithynia decipiens P.A. Millet, 1843
Bithynia gorgyi J.R. Bourguignat
Bithynia impura J.P.R. Draparnaud, 1801
Cyclostoma impurum Draparnaud, 1801
Bithynia jaculator O.F. Müller, 1774

Data Deficient DD  as Bithynia majewskyi

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Description

Diagnostic characters
Shell rather glossy, semitransparent under a thin periostracum; spire well-developed, whorls moderately swollen, the last one large. Umbilicus absent. Aperture oval, pointed adapically. Operculum with concentric rings, partly calcified.
Other characters
The apex is pointed and the apical angle is 55-60°. There are 5-6 whorls. The outer lip is a little turned out, especially basally, and the inner lip is concave where it rests against the last whorl. Though there is no open umbili¬cus a slight groove lies alongside the columellar lip. The shell is horn-coloured though nearly white if the periostracum is lost. Up to 10 mm high, 6mm broad; last whorl occupies about three quarters of the shell height, the aperture about 60%.
The head bears a long snout with a bifid tip. The cephalic tentacles are long, each with a basal eye. Males have a double-tipped penis recurved into the mantle cavity. All animals have a ciliated groove on the floor of the mantle cavity, its right edge expanding anteriorly to form an exhalant siphon. The foot is broad anteriorly with recurved lateral points. The flesh is grey with yellow speckles.
B. tentaculata is common in hard water areas of the British Isles (absent from Cornwall, Devon, North Wales and northern Scotland), especially in the gentler reaches of rivers, where it creeps over the vegetation or on the bottom, feeding primarily on epiphytic growths but also filtering suspended particles (Schafer, 1952, 1953a,b; Tsikhon-Likanina, 1961; Meier-Brook & Kim, 1977). The species is generally spread throughout the western Palae-arctic region.
Breeding occurs late spring to early summer (Lilly, 1953). Egg capsules are fastened to the underside of leaves, side by side, to form 2-4 rows with 10-20 capsules in all (Nekrassow, 1929). There is a single reddish egg in each capsule which hatches to a small snail in 2-3 weeks.
Graham, A.; 1988. Molluscs: Prosobranch and Pyramidellid Gastropods.
Author: Jan Delsing

Included taxa

Number of records: 3

subspecies Bithynia tentaculata producta Menke, 1828
subspecies Bithynia tentaculata tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Fossil taxa

subspecies Bithynia tentaculata tellinii Sacco, 1886

Links and literature

EN IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024-1 [155796]

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species [http://www.iucnredlist.org/] [as Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)]
Data retrieved on: 29 January 2024
EN IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024-1 [171960]

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species [http://www.iucnredlist.org/] [as Bithynia majewskyi Frauenfeld, 1862]
Data retrieved on: 29 January 2024
EN Galli C.: WMSDB - Wolrdwide Mollusc Species Data Base July 10, 2013 [http://www.bagniliggia.it/WMSD/WMSDhome....] [as Bithynia tentaculata Linnaeus, 1758]
Data retrieved on: 23 November 2013
EN de Jong, Y.S.D.M. (ed.): Fauna Europaea 2.4 [http://www.faunaeur.org] [as Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)]
Data retrieved on: 9 March 2012
CZ Hudec K., Kolibáč J., Laštůvka Z., Peňáz M. a kol. (2007): Příroda České republiky: průvodce faunou, Academia [as Bithynia tentaculata]
CZ Pfleger V. (1999): České názvy živočichů III. Měkkýši (Mollusca), Národní muzeum, (zoologické odd.), Praha, 108 pp. [as Bithynia tentaculata (LINNÉ, 1758)]
Data retrieved on: 11 November 2013
DE Glöer P. (2002): Die Susswassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas, Conch Books, Hackenheim, Germany [as Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus 1758)]
CZ Beran L. (2009): Doplněk k poznání vodních měkkýšů Labe mezi Hřenskem a Střekovem a srovnání s malakofaunou Labe v jiných úsecích, Malacologica Bohemoslovaca, 8: 46-52 [as Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)]
CZ Beran L. (2010): Vodní měkkýši bývalého lomu Chabařovice v severních Čechách, Malacologica Bohemoslovaca, 9: 26–32. [as Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)]
CZ Beran L. (2011): Příspěvek k poznání vodních měkkýšů evropsky významné lokality Bystřice se zaměřením na populaci velevruba tupého (Unio crassus), Malacologica Bohemoslovaca, 10: 10–17 [as Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)]
CZ Horsák M., Juřičková L., Beran L., Čejka T. & Dvořák L. (2010): Komentovaný seznam měkkýšů zjištěných ve volné přírodě České a Slovenské republiky, Malacologica Bohemoslovaca, Suppl. 1: 1–37. [as Bithynia tentaculata (Linné, 1758)]
CZ Horáčková J., Ložek V. & Juřičková L. (2011): Měkkýši v nivě Milešovského potoka, Malacologica Bohemoslovaca, 10: 24–34. [as Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)]
SK Čejka T. (2006): Mäkkýše hlavných typov vôd dolného Hrona, Malacologica Bohemoslovaca, 5: 33-41 [as Bithynia tentaculata]

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Explanations

extinct taxon