The monotypic genus Cromileptes is quite distinct from other grouper genera. The shape of the head (anteriorly depressed and posteriorly elevated) is unique among serranid fishes. No other Indo-West Pacific grouper has X dorsal-fin spines, and no grouper has such an elevated dorsal fin (with the posterior spines and anterior rays longest). The affinities of Cromileptes with other serranid genera are unclear.